Rabu, 20 Maret 2013
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di
04.02
Cross
Culture Understanding
Submitted
to Fulfill Assignment of Cross Culture Understanding
Compiled
by :
Feri Defiana
ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT
FACULTY
OF EDUCATINAL AND TEACHERS’ TRAINING
SILIWANGI
UNIVERSITY
2012
1. Verbal
Communication : the Way people Speak
Culture influence communication
style although this point may seem obvious culture style can do create miss
understandings in conversation among people from different culture.Ex.
Following the conversation between an Italian and American, the Italian made a
strong political statement which he knew his American friend would disagree.
the American rather than openly disagreeing said “well, every one is entitled
to an opinion, I accept That your opinion is different than mine”. The Italian
responded, “ that’s all you have to say about it?” in general, the American did
not enjoy verbal conflicts over politics or anything else. The Italian actually
became angry when the American refused to get involved in the discussion. This
example say about culture and it’s influence on communication? Surely, there
are many American who do get involved in verbal conflicts over politics, just
as there are some Italians who would not become involved. However the above conversation represents type of
communication pattern that are related to cultural differences.
A. Conversational
involvement
Many people from cultures that prefer
“high involvement” style tend to :
1. Talk
more
2. Interrupt
more
3. Expect
to be interrupted
4. Talk
more loudly at times
5. Talk
more quickly than those from cultures favoring “high considerateness” styles.
On the other hand, people from cultures that favor
“high considerateness” style tend to:
1. Speak
one time at time
2. Use
polite listening sounds
3. Refrain
from interrupting
4. Give
plenty of positive and respectful responses to their conversation partners.
The culture that characterized as having
“high involvement” conversational style include Russian,Italian,greek,spanish,south
American,arab,andAfrican.the various communication style in Asian culture chinese
and Japanese would be characterized as “high considerateness”. mainstream
American conversation style would also be characterized as high
considerateness” although it differs.
B. Incorrect judgments of character
American can have problems when talking
to each other because of differences example : new Yorkers tend to talk faster
and respond more quickly than Californians seem slower ,les intelligent and not
responsive.to some Californians,new Yorkers seem pushy an domineering the
reactions to such differences are not usually expressed in the following
reasonable fashion “the way she speak is different from my way of speaking she
must have different cultural upbringing. I wont judge according to my”.The
important differences in communication create problems of stereotyping and
incorrect judgment among members of diverse groups.
C. Directness
and indirectness
American
male – female differences in directness
It
is impossible to say that everyone culture communicates similarly.older people
often communicate according to more traditional nors than younger people and as
mentioned there are regional variations in the way people speak and carry on
conversation,I addition there are gender differences in communication style.
The
American women have traditionally been less direct (more polite and soft),than
man in making request expressing,
criticism an offering opinion the emphasis in the workplace is on culture
diversity, women are define as “culture group”.
D. Cross
Culture Implications
Americans
may judge members of culture groups that value indirectness (hesitating, not
“getting to the point”,and ‘beating around the bush”). As not being assertive
enough.When American go to work in countries where indirectness is valued they
May need to modify their communications style making request and expressing
needs and opinions north Americans working in Latin America would benefit from
understanding the culture values of saving face and maintaining
harmony,although lain American conversation style are considered high
considerateness ,they both tend to value indirectness.
E. Conversation
structures
Peoples
communication pattern different the way people converse ,some foreigners have
observed that when Americans hold a conversation it seems like they are having
ping – pong game.one person has the ball and then hits it to the other side of
the table the other player hits the ball back an the game continue if one
person doesn’t return the ball the conversation stops. Many north American are
impatient with culturally different conversation style simply because the style
are unfamiliar the north American woman didn’t know how to interrupt the latin
American ways of listening and breaking in are very different she bad been taught
to listening politely until the order person had been finished talking.She was
not comfortable in the conversation with the latinamericans, the result was
that she became more passive in her
conversation with her co-workers.
Ping
pong and bowling conversation style
a
conversation style that contras with American “ping-pong” conversation style is
formal conversation among the Japanese.the American who used to the ping-pong
style of communications is probably going to have some difficulty with someone
whose conversational style like a bowling game.the Japanese speakers appears
passive and uninterested in the conversation,the Japanese style takes too long
for the average American.
2. Nonverbal
communication speaking without words
Asian
culture the general belief is that it is unacceptable to show emotion openly
(sadness,happiness,or pain).how culture differ in their nonverbal expression of
emotion,feelings of friendship exist everywhere in the word.
A. Gestares
and Body Positioning
Gesture
are specific body movements that carry meaning,hand motions alone can convey
many meanings “go away”,”comehere”,”it’sOK”.this same gesture in the
Philippines , korea, and part of latinAmerica.many American business executive
enjoy relaxing with their feet up on their desk.but to show a person from Saudi
Arabia or Thailand the sole of one foot is extremely insuling,because the
footis considered the dirties part of the body.
B. Facial
Expressiveness
Facial
expressions carry meaning that is determined by situation and relationship,in
American culture the smile is typically an expression of pleasure.a woman smile
at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a
young child.Many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be
unusual and even suspicious behaviors .some Russians believe that American
smile in the wrong place and some
American believe that Russians don’t smile enough .in southeast Asian culture,a
smile is frequently used to cover emotional pain or embarrassment. vietnamese
people may tell the sad story of how they had to leave their country but end
the story with a smile.in public and formal situations many Japanese do not
show their emotions as freely as Americans do.japanese and americans seems to
show their emotion similarly.
C. Eye
contact
Eye
contact is important because insufficient or excessive eye contact can create
communication barriers relationship.it serves to show intimacy,attention
and influence.in a part in united
states,however such as on the west coast and in the south.example,it is usual
for two strangers walking passing toward each other to make eye contact
,smile,and perhaps even say “hi’, before immediately looking away.pattern of
eye contact are different across culture.someamericans feel uncomfortable with
the gaze that is sometimes associated with arab or indian communication
patterns.in the American culture is stated directly in the expression “never
trust a person who doesn’t look you in the eyes”.
D. Conversational
Distance
Keep
a comfortable distance around us when we interact with other people.this
distance names over the years ,including “personal
space”,”interpersonaldistance”,”comfortzone”,and “body bubble”..this space
between s and another at various distance from people.eaxample,we are usually
more comfortable satnding closer to family members than to strangers.ajapanense
employer and employee usually stan father apart while talking than their
American counterpart.foramericans, the usual distance in social conversation rangers
culture may be associated with either greater intimacy or aggressive
behaviors.culture does not always determine the message of nonverbal
communications,like verbal language,nonverbal language is linked to a person
cultural background,when one person nonverbal language matches that of another
there is increased comfort,in nonverbal communications across culture there
similarities and differences.
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