Kamis, 20 September 2012
Instructional
Design
A.
Definition
of instructional design
Instructional Design
(also called Instructional Systems Design (ISD)) is the practice of creating
"instructional experiences which make the acquisition of knowledge and
skill more efficient, effective, and appealing." The process consists
broadly of determining the current state and needs of the learner, defining the
end goal of instruction, and creating some "intervention" to assist
in the transition. Ideally the process is informed by pedagogically (process of
teaching) and andragogically (adult learning) tested theories of learning and
may take place in student-only, teacher-led or community-based settings. The
outcome of this instruction may be directly observable and scientifically measured
or completely hidden and assumed. Instructional design is a way to construct media
communications technology and content to help to facilitate effective knowledge
transfer between teachers and learners.
In addition, instructional design can also be defined as the
process is enhanced through the analysis of learning needs and systematic
development of learning materials. This process contains the determination of
the initial state of learner understanding, formulating learning goals, and
designing a "treatment"-based media to help the transition, and are
also frequently used as tool teknlogi and multimedia to enhance instruction.
Ideally, this process is based on information from a proven learning theories
in science or the arts in learning and can occur only on the students, guided
by the teacher, or in a community-based setting. The results of this study can
be observed directly and can be scientifically measured or completely hidden
and only be assumptions.
There
are many instructional design models but many are based on the ADDIE model with
the five phases:
1)
analysis,
2)
design,
3)
development,
4)
implementation,
5)
evaluation.
As a field, instructional design is
historically and traditionally rooted in cognitive and behavioral psychology,
though recently Constructivism (learning theory) has influenced thinking in the
field.
The three objectives of the
Instructional Design process is:
ü To identify the results of instruction
ü As a guide the development of
instructional content (scope and sequence)
ü To determine how the instructional
effectiveness will be evaluated
There are 3 types of strategy in theory Instruction Design:
1. Organizational strategy is the translation of the micro-and macro-level and agree with the submission of the sequence.
There are 3 types of strategy in theory Instruction Design:
1. Organizational strategy is the translation of the micro-and macro-level and agree with the submission of the sequence.
ü 2. Strategy Delivery focused with
decisions affecting the delivery of information to the learner and
instructional media selection.
ü 3. Management strategies include
decisions that will help the learner to interact with activities designed for
the learning process.
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satu mimpiku telah tercapai..yaitu memiliki nya menjadi kekasihku,,,mudah2n bisa selamanya bersama,,,amieen... love stzraoktosa...
;;
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